Blood runs throughout our body because without blood we would not have any oxygen. This blood helps to keep our cells alive. But what happens if there is damage in one of these vessels? We get hurt all the time. This is because we tend to use sharp objects like knives for cooking and accidents are bound to happen. You’ve also probably fallen and scraped your knee a few times in your life. If the body does have a way of healing these wounds then we wouldn’t be able to live. Every injury that we get would be unable to close itself. That’s where the term blood clotting comes in. Blood clotting is the process by which the blood gets clumped together which blocks up the wounded area. To understand this a bit better let’s take an example if you get cut but a sharp knife then the skin gets broken. Depending on how deep the cut is, several blood vessels can also be cut. If the cut is extremely deep you’ll need medical help because our body isn’t very good at regeneration. However shallow cuts are not an issue for the body.
First, the area around the gets noticed by the platelets. These are small cells that are present in your blood. They gather around the wound and plug the area to block the blood. Thus stops blood loss for a while so the body can stop wasting resources. Next, the body needs to find a permanent solution to the wound. The area gets inflamed due to the release of certain chemicals from the blood cells and thus more blood cells rush into the area. The purpose of this is two-fold, it helps to bring in white blood cells or leukocytes that can kill an infective agent that got in and it also brings in more blood cells. Now the body needs to make a tight seal around the wound so that the skin epithelial cells can grow back easily. This is where prothrombin is useful.
This is the second clotting factor that is found in the body. Prothrombin is a molecule that is cleaved to form thrombin. This cleavage occurs when clotting factor X is gets activated by several different reactions and attaches to this molecule. Factor Va which is an activated version of the clotting factor V, joins with this molecule. Together all of these molecules form a complex known as the prothrombinase complex. The molecule that is produced by cleaving prothrombin is an incredibly important molecule known as thrombin. Thrombin is the enzyme that is responsible for activating fibrinogen. It turns fibrinogen into fibrin fibers that are used to hold the blood together in a clot. Thus a blood clot is made up of a bunch of red blood cells that are being held together by fibrin fibers.
Prothrombin is one of the clotting factors in the body and this means that it is essential to the process of clotting. This is the inactive version of thrombin. Once prothrombin gets cleaved, it sets off a chain reaction that leads to thrombin converting fibrinogen into fibrin. Thus prothrombin is an integral molecule in our body. A lot of the other clotting factors that are present in blood participate in the activation of prothrombin. It plays a huge role in blood clotting.
Stages of blood clotting:
Prothrombinase formation
Two types of prothrombinase can be developed, depending on the two “systems” or “pathways” that contribute.
Intrinsic pathway
These are caused by interaction with flowing blood with an external layer, which is anything which does not belong to our body;
Extrinsic pathway
This is caused by interaction with the skin caused by liquid blood. Encounters among coagulant variables are both intrinsic and extrinsic processes. These variables have different names, but they are mostly regarded to by, for example, through a standardized roman number set. VIII factor (anti-hemophilic factor), IX factor (Christmas factor).
Conversion of Prothrombin to Thrombin
This is a plasma protein produced by the liver that transforms prothrombinase (formed in stage 1) further into thrombin.
Conversion of Fibrinogen to Fibrin
Thrombin then turns fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin that shapes the fiber and acts as clot binding links.
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